Rectal Polyp: Understanding Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
A rectal polyp is a small, abnormal growth of tissue that forms on the inner lining of the rectum. While many rectal polyps are benign (non-cancerous), some have the potential to develop into colorectal cancer over time if left untreated. Polyps vary in size and shape and are often asymptomatic, meaning they may not cause noticeable symptoms in the early stages. However, larger polyps or those with a tendency to bleed can lead to symptoms such as rectal bleeding, mucus discharge, changes in bowel habits, or discomfort during defecation. Risk factors for developing rectal polyps include age (more common after 50), a family history of polyps or colorectal cancer, inflammatory bowel disease, and lifestyle factors such as a low-fiber diet, smoking, and obesity.
Detection of rectal polyps usually occurs during routine screening procedures like colonoscopy or sigmoidoscopy. Early identification is crucial because polyps can be removed before they transform into malignancies. Treatment primarily involves endoscopic polypectomy—removal of the polyp using minimally invasive techniques during colonoscopy. In some cases, especially when polyps are large or numerous, surgery may be necessary. Following removal, regular surveillance is recommended to monitor for new polyps. Maintaining a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet rich in fiber, regular exercise, and avoiding tobacco can help reduce the risk of developing polyps and promote overall colorectal health.
