Hemorrhoids (Piles): Understanding the Condition and Its Impact
Hemorrhoids, also known as piles, are swollen and inflamed veins located in the lower rectum and anus, often resulting from increased pressure during bowel movements, prolonged sitting, or chronic constipation. They are broadly categorized into internal hemorrhoids, which occur inside the rectum and are typically painless but may cause bleeding, and external hemorrhoids, which form under the skin around the anus and can cause significant discomfort, pain, and swelling. Common causes include straining during defecation, low-fiber diets, sedentary lifestyle, pregnancy, obesity, and aging. Individuals with hemorrhoids may experience symptoms like rectal bleeding, itching, irritation, pain during bowel movements, or the feeling of a lump near the anus. In some cases, a thrombosed hemorrhoid can form, leading to severe pain due to a blood clot within the swollen tissue.
Diagnosis is typically made through a physical examination, anoscopy, or digital rectal examination. Management depends on the severity and type of hemorrhoid. Mild cases often respond well to conservative measures such as increasing dietary fiber intake, staying hydrated, using stool softeners, and taking sitz baths to relieve symptoms. Over-the-counter topical treatments and oral pain relievers can also provide symptomatic relief. More persistent or severe hemorrhoids may require non-surgical procedures like rubber band ligation, infrared coagulation, or sclerotherapy, all of which are aimed at reducing the blood supply and shrinking the hemorrhoidal tissue. In cases where these methods fail or in advanced hemorrhoidal disease, surgical excision or hemorrhoidectomy might be necessary. With proper medical care, most cases of hemorrhoids can be effectively treated, allowing individuals to return to normal, pain-free daily routines.
